The Irish Elk, the Worlds Biggest Deer

The Irish Elk, the World's Biggest Deer In spite of the fact that Megaloceros is ordinarily known as the Irish Elk, comprehend that this family involved nine separate species, just one of which (Megaloceros giganteus) arrived at genuine elk-like extents. Likewise, the name Irish Elk is something of a twofold misnomer. In the first place, Megaloceros shared more practically speaking with current deer than American or European Elks, and, second, it didnt live solely in Ireland, getting a charge out of a conveyance over the territory of Pleistocene Europe. (Other, littler Megaloceros species went as far away from home as China and Japan.)  The Irish Elk, M. giganteus, was by a wide margin the biggest deer that at any point lived, estimating around eight feet in length from head to tail and saying something the area of 500 to 1,500 pounds. What truly set this megafauna well evolved creature separated from its individual ungulates, however, were its huge, ramifying, fancy prongs, which traversed right around 12 feet from tip to tip and weighed barely shy of 100 pounds. Similarly as with every single such structure in the collective of animals, these horns were carefully an explicitly chosen trademark; guys with increasingly lavish members were progressively effective in intra-crowd battle, and in this way increasingly appealing to females during mating season. Why didnt these cumbersome horns prompt Irish Elk guys to spill? Apparently, they additionally had especially solid necks, also a finely tuned feeling of parity. The Extinction of the Irish Elk For what reason did the Irish Elk go wiped out not long after the keep going Ice Age, on the cusp of the cutting edge time, 10,000 years back? All things considered, this may have been an article exercise in sexual determination go crazy: Its conceivable that predominant Irish Elk guys were so fruitful thus seemingly perpetual that they swarmed other, less-blessed by the gods guys out of the genetic supply, the outcome being inordinate inbreeding. An excessively innate Irish Elk populace would be surprisingly helpless to illness or ecological changesay, if an acclimated wellspring of food disappearedand inclined to unexpected elimination. By a similar token, if early human trackers focused on alpha guys (maybe wishing to utilize their horns as decorations or enchantment totems), that, as well, would have disastrously affected the Irish Elks possibilities for endurance. Since it went wiped out so as of late, the Irish Elk is a competitor animal varieties for de-termination. What this would mean, by and by, is gathering leftovers of Megaloceros DNA from saved delicate tissues, contrasting these and the quality successions of still-surviving family members (maybe the a whole lot littler Fallow Deer or Red Deer), and afterward reproducing the Irish Elk once more into reality through a mix of quality control, in-vitro preparation, and substitute pregnancy. Everything sounds simple when you read it, yet every one of these means presents critical specialized challengesso you shouldnt hope to see an Irish Elk at your neighborhood zoo at any point in the near future! Name: Irish Elk; additionally known as Megaloceros giganteus (Greek for goliath horn); articulated meg-ah-LAH-seh-russ Natural surroundings: Fields of Eurasia Chronicled Epoch: Pleistocene-Modern (2,000,000 10,000 years back) Size and Weight: Up to eight feet in length and 1,500 pounds Diet: Plants Recognizing Characteristics: Huge size; huge, resplendent horns on head

The Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps (JROTC) Its Role and History Essay Example For Students

The Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps (JROTC): Its Role and History Essay Control and Training Leads to Bright Futures Booker T. Washington once stated, â€Å"Those who are most joyful are the individuals who do the most for others.† The Junior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps, otherwise called JROTC, gives youthful grown-ups a government program that motivates authority, citizenship, and character while empowering investment, administration, and commitment in their nearby network and school. Since the time 1916, JROTC has been spurring youngsters to be better residents and fabricate a solid investigation of morals, correspondence, and fundamental abilities. We will compose a custom exposition on The Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps (JROTC): Its Role and History explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The Junior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps was made notwithstanding the entry of the National Defense Act of 1916. The Act permitted secondary schools to get gear from the military and secondary school understudies would get guidance from deployment ready military work force. Later in 1964, the Vitalization Act permitted secondary school understudies to partake in different kinds of administrations and a large portion of the well-trained military faculty were supplanted with experienced retirees who recently worked for the military. Through time, the JROTC secondary school programs have gone far and have changed a lot. Initially, the JROTC was a program to select individuals into the military, yet consistently, it has changed into a program that imparts citizenship and energizes physical and instructive inspire. JROTC is a useful program for understudies who are genuinely or truly violent. It ingrains a feeling of order and parity. The investigation of morals, citizenship, co rrespondence, and administration that understudies learn and get ready will effectively bring them into the grown-up world. From few just six units in 1916, JROTC has developed and bloomed into a program that is dynamic in 3,229 schools today. JROTC benefits the network, not just by drawing in understudies to take an interest in their locale, yet JROTC likewise disperses grants to understudies. JROTC gives grants to secondary school senior JROTC cadets. They offer a one year grant to any undergrad school or a certify specialized/exchange school. Just one of these grants are allowed out every year. Be that as it may, so as to get this lofty honor, the understudy must be a grandkid or offspring of a United States veteran. Huge numbers of the past grant victors are currently positioned in probably the most elevated situations in the United States military branches. Objectives of the JROTC incorporate moral qualities and appropriate citizenship. Viable correspondence and intelligent reasoning can develop into the aptitudes to function as a colleague and produce positive self-inspiration and the board. Every cadet ought to have the inspiration to move on from secondary school and look for a profession that will assist them with their future undertakings. Notwithstanding improved physical wellness, each cadet ought to decide to live medication free. JROTC is a program that has open doors for everybody. Any understudy at any scholarly level can join this program, and any understudy of any nationality can join. Joining JROTC will prepare your understudy in discipline which is useful to all secondary school understudies. Truth be told, schools with JROTC programs will in general have higher SAT score and lower secondary school dropout rates. As a major aspect of JROTC educational plan, more than 100 hours of network administrations is appeared all through their four years of secondary school. Administrations can extend from walking in marches, to gathering nourishment for the destitute, or tidying up neighborhood lanes. Some nearby regional authorities perceive the work that JROTC members do, and award their own neighborhood grants and grants to meriting secondary school understudies. Most of neighborhood regional authorities urge understudies to draw in and take an interest in JROTC exercises. Dissimilar to what numerous individuals think, JROTC isn't a program to select individuals for the military, JROTC is where understudies help different understudies in turning into the best residents they can be. .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2 , .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2 .postImageUrl , .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2 , .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2:hover , .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2:visited , .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2:active { border:0!important; } .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2:active , .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2:hover { haziness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u462e3 c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u462e3c6ba563987ab625f3fbc89c41d2:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Giver - Main Character EssayMany universities and bosses decide on JROTC individuals, too. Schools and colleges search for honorable characteristics that most JROTC individuals have just ingrained. JROTC preparing improves center and assurance, and furthermore raises a student’s capacity to examine more brilliant, set objectives, and to create successful investigation propensities. Managers can anticipate respectability, adaptability, and steadfastness from past JROTC understudies. Altogether, this makes a balanced, pioneer, researcher, and competitor that universities and businesses need. The JROTC program is additionally utilized in other military branches, for example, the marine corps, aviation based armed forces, and naval force. Each branch shows citizenship abilities, yet change in various specialties. For instance, the flying corps JROTC, otherwise called AFJROTC, shows educational program, for example, avionics history, topography, history, and endurance. The marine corps JROTC unit grandstands their drill group. They effectively participate in open occasions by showing and introducing the American banner at a baseball or b-ball game. The expertise of marksmanship is likewise remembered for the marine corps JROTC educational program. Each branch shows 4 general subjects: the significance of physical wellness, military history, accuracy drills, and authority aptitudes. Physical wellness is basic to get the hang of reinforcing and continuance truly and genuinely by performing twist ups, pull-ups, sit-ups, and one mile strolls or runs. Each JROTC cadet must comprehend military history and significant military figures and associations that helped shape our reality. JROTC educators show understudies significant records that changed America and the manner in which its general public works. In view of the branch, others may examine extra data. For instance, the marine corps JROTC may find out about ocean watching and subjects about the historical backdrop of conduit fights. Accuracy boring requires center and consideration for detail. Understudies figure out how to teach themselves and focus. Authority abilities are required for any cadet. JROTC educators show understudies how to determine issues, settle on shrewd choic es, impart relationally, and to lead a gathering. Each JROTC unit gives out strips to taking an interest cadets. There are a wide assortment of strips going from the scholastic greatness lace to Cadet of the quarter/year lace. The most noteworthy strips that can be gotten is the award for gallantry and unrivaled cadet. The decoration for chivalry is granted to a JROTC cadet who shows a demonstration of valor. The unrivaled cadet is granted every year by the Department of the Army to an extraordinary cadet in each position. For every unit there are three honors, the most noteworthy being the scholastic accomplishment symbol, an honor offered out to the main 10% of each JROTC class dependent on grades. Marksmanship identifications can likewise be earned. ExpertShoot, the most elevated, require a marksman to shoot a score of 200 out of 300. Every year, an administration challenge camp is held at different areas around the United States. This camp imparts administration, cooperation, certainty, trust, sharing, and obligation. JROTC campers figure out how to fill in as a group together to arrive at a shared objective. At JROTC camp, each action is assigned for self-assurance and trust among you and other JROTC campers. Each camper is allocated an occupation to guarantee duties. Every cadet will get preparing in CPR and emergency treatment accreditation just as lifeguard confirmation for qualified cadets. The JROTC program has developed enormously since it’s start in 1916, both in number and in branch. As of Jun

Financial Institutions & Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Monetary Institutions and Markets - Essay Example What happened was, banks are known to financed their home loan loaning utilizing client stores which obviously is a cutoff to the measure of home loan loaning they can do. In any case, lately, banks in a piece to subsidize extra acquiring, moved to another model where they sell contracts on the security markets which was broadly observed as a simpler methods for reserves. Be that as it may, this type of getting prompted bank manhandling that impetus to painstakingly check contracts they issued.1 Banks saw the business to be amazingly productive since they could procure an expense for each home loan they sold and proceeded to encourage contract representatives to sell increasingly more of these home loans. The market before long broadened particularly as the private division significantly extended its job in the home loan security showcase that was recently commanded by government-supported organizations like Freddie Mac. Costs turned out to be so high to a broaden that if the blast needed to proceed, numerous US populaces would have been removed from their homes since the US loan costs also were strikingly high. The fall in lodging costs influenced the more extensive economies. The Standard and Poor’s/Case-Schiller list in March 2008 indicated that lodging costs in the US had fell by 11,4% in January and 8,2% in February 2008.2 In a piece to pad the US economy from the most exceedingly terrible impacts of the credit crunch and lodging droop because of the sub prime advances, the Fed in January 2008 needed to chop down loan fees from 3.5% to 3% for the fifth time since September 18 2007 and today at 2.25%. This was in a piece to energize utilization among Americans. The financial development rate had eased back to a yearly pace of 0.6% among October and December, a large portion of the rate estimate and contrasted and a lively 4.9% development rate in the past a quarter of a year because of the credit droop and may additionally be sliced to 1,5%.3 To avoid the weight of more slow monetary development, the Bush Administration and Congress pushed forward to concede to a transitory

American Sniper Movie Review Essay - 550 Words

American Sniper Movie Review (Essay Sample) Content: MOVIE REVIEW OF AMERICAN SNIPERNameUniversity NameMOVIE REVIEW OF AMERICAN SNIPERNowadays, most movies released by Hollywood have controversies. "American Sniper" is one of these controversial films. It is an Action packed military drama war film about Chris Kyle, a Navy Seal marksman who has a patriotic bend even though he still portrays the personal ravages of war. The divergent readings are typical of this war genre film that strikes a different focus than that of its predecessors. "American Sniper" is typical of its genre, and it demonstrates the hardships facing a soldier who has a sharpshooting acumen that has earned him the title "The Legend.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Kyle represents many American soldiers, and he was a modern-day cowboy who was instantly motivated to join the army after9 /11. He is noticeably shaken when for the first time, he has to kill an Iraqi woman and her child so that he can save the lives of his fellow troops. That film portrays Kyle as being the type of person that every soldier wants to watch their backs. It also describes the war as a place where the lives of soldiers are on the line, and can lose their lives quickly when small mistakes are made. One incredibly engaging plot, Kyle tries to kill Mustafa, an expert insurgent enemy sniper. Another scene shows a group of U.S soldiers who are trapped under heavy fire, escaping with the help of a sandstorm. The action movie has given "Sniper" an intense but controlled violence-centered quality.The drama of "American Sniper" is Kyleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s relationship with his wife Taya with whom he becomes more emotionally and physically detached as his tours increase. Simple telephone calls between Kyle and Taya turn heart-wrenching and heart-breaking. There is a subtle yet visible pain on the face of Kyle, who is a battle weary soldier. Chris Kyle had superior skills that saved countless of lives, and for that he was named an American Hero.The editing of "American Sniper" was appropriat e. It was edited in such a way that viewers could admire how screenwriter Jason Hall portrays the psychic toll that the Iraqi war has on Chris Kyle. The editing of the film is in such a way that it has different interpretations, a testament to a movie that does not have obvious ideological lines. Films produced in earlier eras always portrayed soldiers as victims, demons, or heroes. In "American Sniperà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , the film was edited in such a way that the viewers could relate with the protagonist and understand better what he was going through while in Iraq.The sound use in "American Sniper" was very efficient. It helps to bring out the mood that the screenwriter wants the viewers to experience. Alan Robert Murray won an Academy ...

Changes And Developments Of The Victorian Period - 1362 Words

The Victorian Period was characterized for its evolution on the British Literature. This Period that starts from the years 1830 to 1900 was characterized by fast changes and developments, in this situation, from the knowledge, technology and science. The name â€Å"Victorian† comes from the royal woman, Queen Victoria. The single European conflict fought during Victoria s reign, in fact, the Crimean War of 1854 to 1856 contrasted evidently with the 18th century, following this, during the British were involved at least in five wars. Victoria’s reign lasted over 63 years, longer than any other British monarch. The progress of scientific thought led them to important changes in science during the 19th century with greater specialization in the evolution of surgery and hospital construction. This happens when Britain was the most powerful nation in the world. The Victorian Period was also marked by a general intensity about life. However politics were important to the Vict orians and they believed in perfection. This period saw the birth and spread of political movements, as an example, socialism, liberalism and organized feminism. I’m going to introduce some novels written during the Victorian Period. Firstly, I choose Christmas Carol, it was written by Charles Dickens in 1893. He was a British novelist, born on February 7, 1812 in England. On June 9, 1870, due to his death of a stroke, he left his novel The Mystery of Edwin Drood unfinished; as a result, the ending of this novelShow MoreRelatedThe Victorian Er The Beginnings Of A Modern World1534 Words   |  7 PagesKatherine Noonan Ms Rodden 3rd Period English April 11, 2017 The Victorian Era: The Beginnings of a Modern World In 1837, eighteen-year-old Victoria became Queen of England. She ushered in a new era of prosperity and progress. 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Women s Role For Literature - 887 Words

Women’s role in Literature The role of women in the society is always questioned and for centuries, they have struggled to find their place in a world that is predominantly male oriented. The treatment of women was extremely negative; they were expected to stay home and fulfill domestic duties. Literature of that time embodies and mirrors social issues of women in society (Lecture on the Puritans). But, slowly and gradually, situation being changed: â€Å"During the first half of the 19th century, women s roles in society evolved in the areas of occupational, moral, and social reform. Through efforts such as factory movements, social reform, and women s rights, their aims were realized and foundations for further reform were established† (Lauter 1406). Feminist poets like Emily Dickinson and Anne Bradstreet talked substantially about feminism in different lights in the past two centuries. They were very vocal and assertive about their rights and the ‘rights for w omen’ in general. 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Challenges in National Oils companies

Question: Discuss, how National Oils companies (NOCs) are facing their biggest challenge and threat to their survival. Answer: In this essay, a research work has been done to find out how National Oils companies (NOCs) are facing their biggest challenge and threat to their survival. Big Oil is one of the major international oil companies of USA. Recently the demand of oil and gas industry is falling very rapidly due to the stagnation of the global economy. From the middle of 2014, the reduction in the oil price has changed to perspective of national oil companies (Aastveit et al. 2015). It reduces the cash flow of oil and gas industry. Investors become more aware of their investment. There are also some global issues related to excessive carbon emission in the oil industry. It makes all the NOCs to rethink their existing business strategies. The detonation of shale gas and oil production in the USA forced OPEC to take an unexpected decision. OPEC has taken the decision to control production level to increase market share. There are mainly three challenges that the company is facing recently. The company has found certain cash crunch of oil on projects and dividends. The company is very uncertain whether to abandon the policy of product maximizing or not. The company has some plans to reduce the amount of Carbon Emission. It may increase the production cost of the company. It has become a challenge for the organization to survive in this critical situation. The biggest oil companies such as Noble Energy Inc, ConocoPhillips, Big Oil and Anadarko Petroleum Corp is facing serious issues to generate enough cash to cover their spending because of tumbling oil prices. According to Solarin and Ozturk 2016, oil price has come down to $50/barrel in March 2016, from $100/per barrel in 2014. As mentioned by Reboredo and Rivera (2014), the oil industry is much more vulnerable because of low oil prices than many organizations had thought few months ago. For organizations related to oil and energy, business was good at $90 per barrel (Murray and King 2012). However, oil prices below $60 have resulted in complacency, uneconomic investment, capital inefficiency and value destruction (Cashin et al. 2014). Therefore, it is advised that companies and investors must adapt to new realities to survive in the market. According to Gkanoutas and Nesvetailova (2015), many oil firms and organizations are going to cut down or freeze their dividends unless the oil prices come back to normal. Many other major oil companies such as Royal Dutch Shell PLC, BP PLC, Exxon Mobil Corp. and Chevron Corp. are also facing the same issue. In the first half of 2015, these companies experienced a combined $20 million cash flow because of their spending on new projects (Husain et al. 2015). Therefore, most of these companies are planning to cancel their future projects. For example, Shell PLC has canceled their plans to explore in Arctic Sea for oil resources. Besides, to cope up with the situation, companies are also planning to cut down their production. The four oil giants companies have already reduced their production to estimated 7.3 billion barrels according to July report from consultancy Wood Mackenzie (Basher et al. 2012). Some of the companies could manage to save their dividends by reducing the amount of production. The Chief Executive of Shell, Ben van Beurden has stated that they stepped back from many projects to save their dividends. He also said that the company author ity is also planning to bring deeper cuts at his company. Authorities of these companies believe that the can only survive if they can enhance their ability to drive down cost. However, this strategy has paid off for the oil and gas companies as they could prevent the investors from revolting. According to Benes et al. (2015), this down cost strategy is a good strategy to adopt at this stage, but in the future, it might create problems as it comes with high risks. For some companies, it is quite impossible to control their spending unless oil prices rebound sharply as their long-term and high-cost projects are already in motion. Therefore, it can be said that some companies have managed to survive this crisis; however, most of the companies are facing issues, as they cannot pull back their projects that have already started. In the recent period, the oil and gas industry has to face two major issues. They are the economic issues and environmental issues. In November 2014, the OPEC had taken a decision to maintain a level of production. It helped to regain the lost market share of the oil industry. Due to this reason, the cost of oil fall more than 50% (Ftiti 2014). If OPEC maintains this level of production, then it will cause more than 700,000 bpd oversupply (Gately et al. 2013). Hence, the increment in the crude process will not be possible in future. On the other hand, there are some serious global warming related issues raised in the UN Convention on Climate change. Most of the governments have taken global commitment to reduce global warming with the help of low-carbon economies and limiting the use of fossil fuel. Hence, the company Big Oil is facing three major areas of challenges in its business. They are the crash crunch of sub-50/bbl oil on dividends and projects (Means et al. 2015). The company has some confusion whether to abandon the policy of production maximizing as it lowers the price of crude. In order to reduce the amount of carbon emission, the company has to take some action plans. Implementation of these action plans gives rise to the cost of production. Thus, it becomes the major challenge for the organization to make balance between low price and low carbon. The OPEC has developed a production-maximizing policy to increase the market share of oil and gas industry, which is started to fall since 2014. There are certain objectives of OPEC behind the development of this policy. The government tries to increase the offshore gas and oil resources of US. The aim behind this strategy is to increase the domestic supplies of gas and oil and increase the security of US's energy needs (Gabriel et al. 2012). In addition, the OPEC has the plan to improve, promote and sustain the supply chain of US's oil and gas industry with the help of product Maximization. As Solarin and Ozturk (2016) have mentioned that maximizing, production can help to regain market share for and industry. There is also another face of this strategy. Product maximizing strategy has increased the amount of oversupply of crude. It decreases the price of crude oil more than 50%. In the year of 2015, the price range of crude went below $40 per barrel (Xiong et al. 2013). This policy has become a serious issue for NOCs like Big Oil. If this level of production is maintained then, the predicted amount of oversupply will be more than 700,000 bpd during 2016 (Ftiti et al. 2014). It will decrease the price of crude oil more. The main concern of Big Oil Company is that if the crude oil price remains low for a longer period then it will reduce the cash flow of the company. As Andersen and Ross (2013) mentioned that lower price of products, make investors more cautious about their investment. Hence, it can result in cancelation or postpone of various projects taken by the organization. Thus, it has become a major challenge for the company to use product-maximizing strategy for a longer time. The US government has to rethink this strategy. They need to understand the cost of different NOC roles. Enhanced and appropriate strategies needed to be developed to support NOCs within the country at different financial stages. This new strategy also has to be linked to the national priorities and vision, which is to regain the market share of oil and gas industry. The government required developing a base resource strategy with a clear revenue stream. This resource-based strategy will be more affordable and executable for the NOCs like Big Oil. Big oil has to bring the focus on the cost of production and as well as the standard of production and reporting. As Juvenal and Petrella (2015) mentioned that better quality of production can help an organization to regain its market share. The company needs to take strategy to improve the capacity building. It can help to use appropriate resources and efforts to develop right skills for right jobs. In order to deal with the amount of carbon emission, NOCs like Big Oil are planning to take some strategies. They are discussed below: The company Big Oil is trying to embed sustainability in their future business and decision-making system. According to Merrick and Grabowski (2014), the oil and gas industry has to evaluate its portfolios not only to reduce financial, technological and commercial risks but also to reduce environmental risks. It can help the company to become innovative to increase carbon efficiency. The gas and oil industry also have a vast opportunity to increase diversity in their production and use renewable energy. The company Big Oil can start invest in renewable energy sources like wind power. A new business division has been developed by the organization named as New Energy Solution to gather knowledge about renewable energy technologies (Robinson 2014). The company is trying to implement best practices to integrate renewable energy sources into their current business operation. A global carbon cost can be introduced, so that the major carbon emitters take the fair amount of responsibility to reduce carbon emission. As Chapple et al. (2013) stated that global carbon cost can influence companies to use that are carbon proficient. Like much other organization the company, Big Oil has taken initiative for a global pricing policy for carbon. The internal carbon price of the company is $50/ton (Sadorsky 2014). It has a strong impact on the carbon reduction initiative taken by the organization. As Williams et al. (2012) mentioned that technology could play very important role to manage emission of greenhouse gas. Carbon capture and storage technology can restrict global temperature rise to 2 degree Celsius. It is done by reducing carbon dioxide production industrial power generation plants. Like many other organizations, Big Oil is also planning to invest in carbon storage and capture system. This technology can theoretically prevent 70-90% carbon dioxide emission (Peters et al. 2012). The company is planning to make it an important part of it a portfolio of clean, sustainable product. The Big Oil Company has to face some major issues related to the CSS system, as there is a deficiency of market mechanism, which can develop prospect for financial return. In order to limit the amount of greenhouse gas emission, Big Oil is mainly focused on three aspects. The company tries to integrate environmental change into mainstream corporate strategy. Implementation of renewable technologies in the business operation is the second priority of the organization. Thirdly, the company is trying to increase investment in the RD department of greenhouse project. There is a huge conflict arise in the corporate strategy adopted by the big oil. Increasing the investment on research and development will increase the cost of production. On the other hand, the company also has to control its production cost in order to regain the market share. Hence, in order to sustain its position in global market the company has to make balance between investment and cost. Presently the oil and gas industry has to face several challenges related to economy and environment. The demand of oil and gas industry has reduced due to the stagnation of the economy. It causes a huge loss of the market share in this industry. For this reason, OPEC has taken a decision to maintain the production level in order to regain the market share. However, It increases the amount of oversupply of crude. It is the main reason behind low price of crude. There are also some issues related to greenhouse gas emission. As Big Oil is one of the major national oil companies, it has to face these challenges as well. Instead of production-maximizing policies, the company can use resource-based policies in its business operation. 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