Changes And Developments Of The Victorian Period - 1362 Words

The Victorian Period was characterized for its evolution on the British Literature. This Period that starts from the years 1830 to 1900 was characterized by fast changes and developments, in this situation, from the knowledge, technology and science. The name â€Å"Victorian† comes from the royal woman, Queen Victoria. The single European conflict fought during Victoria s reign, in fact, the Crimean War of 1854 to 1856 contrasted evidently with the 18th century, following this, during the British were involved at least in five wars. Victoria’s reign lasted over 63 years, longer than any other British monarch. The progress of scientific thought led them to important changes in science during the 19th century with greater specialization in the evolution of surgery and hospital construction. This happens when Britain was the most powerful nation in the world. The Victorian Period was also marked by a general intensity about life. However politics were important to the Vict orians and they believed in perfection. This period saw the birth and spread of political movements, as an example, socialism, liberalism and organized feminism. I’m going to introduce some novels written during the Victorian Period. Firstly, I choose Christmas Carol, it was written by Charles Dickens in 1893. He was a British novelist, born on February 7, 1812 in England. On June 9, 1870, due to his death of a stroke, he left his novel The Mystery of Edwin Drood unfinished; as a result, the ending of this novelShow MoreRelatedThe Victorian Er The Beginnings Of A Modern World1534 Words   |  7 PagesKatherine Noonan Ms Rodden 3rd Period English April 11, 2017 The Victorian Era: The Beginnings of a Modern World In 1837, eighteen-year-old Victoria became Queen of England. She ushered in a new era of prosperity and progress. During Victoria’s reign, Great Britain was the most powerful nation in the world. â€Å"By 1882 Britain was in the later stages of acquiring the largest empire the world has ever seen† (Evans). During this time, Britain also emerged as the most powerful tradingRead MoreVictorian and Edwardian Advertising 798 Words   |  3 Pagespainting. Later in 18th century, Victorian and Edwardian Britain left a big impact on the advertising industry, in where the advertising developed and increased dramatically ever since. The Victorian and Edwardian Britain reflected the social and economic changes in that era in term of the advertising method, the types of products advertised and the expansion of the advertising industry. Historical background of Victorian and Edwardian Britain The Victorian Era was the period of Queen Victorian’s reignRead MoreChange in the Victorian Period. the Role of Women.891 Words   |  4 PagesChange in the Victorian period. The role of women. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the country whose rich history covers many periods and eras. It saw its ups and downs, experienced both hardships and prosperity. It has been the leading power throughout centuries, with many countries looking up to it and kneeling before it. Still, the echo of its former majesty can be seen up to the present day. However, it is impossible to describe the periods all at once. It wouldRead MoreThe Great Expectations Of The Industrial Revolution1528 Words   |  7 Pageslength of the workday for children. Laws for mandatory schooling, however, did not come until the twentieth century. The Industrial Revolution, which took place in England and America in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, was a period of technological development. The invention and implementation of steam power, especially in steamboats and railroads, revolutionized transportation. Steamboats began running on the Thames River in 1815, and passenger railroads spread all over England in the lateRead MoreThe Influence Of The Victorian Age1151 Words   |  5 PagesThe Victorian age began in 1837 and ended in 1901. Named after Queen Victoria, the era marked a prosperous period for England with many changes in various sectors. Its primary characterization lies in its rapid developments and changes in scientific, medical and technological knowledge. These factors motivated the country to move towards the age of optimism and confidence that resulted in economic prosperity and boom. The dynamics of the era led to various adversities that affected propriety, doubtRead MoreThe Romantic Period and the Vi ctorian Age in Great Britain Essays1193 Words   |  5 PagesThe Romantic Period (1785-1830) was a very turbulent period, during which England experienced the ordeal of change from a primarily agricultural society to a modern industrial nation. French Revolution and storming of the Bastille had a great influence on English society and literature. It influenced almost every sphere of life. The Victorian Age (1830-1901) was a period of great progress and prosperity for the nation. This was a period in which industry, technology, and science were celebratedRead MoreEssay on Victorian Age1258 Words   |  6 Pages The Year 1837 was very significant. It was not only the year that Queen Victoria acceded the throne, but also the year that a new literary age was coined. The Victorian Age, more formally known, was a time of great prosperity in Great Britains literature. The Victorian Age produced a variety of changes. Political and social reform produced a variety of reading among all classes. The lower-class became more self-conscious, the middle class more powerful and the rich became more vulnerable. The novelsRead MoreI have always been a reader; even though I read books mainly written in my native language, I still1100 Words   |  5 Pagesinterest and forced me to learn more about it is the Victorians Novels. Carr mentioned the Victorian novels in chapter six , he said when a printed book, whether a recently published scholarly history or two hundred year old Victorian novel is transferred to an electronic device connected to the internet, it turn into something like a web site ,its words become wrapped I all distractions of the net worked computer (104). The word Victorians made me think about the famous queen of England QueenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Dover Beach By Matthew Arnold1139 W ords   |  5 PagesMonelle Shuman English Lit 202 K. Morefield December 1, 2014 An Analysis of â€Å"Dover Beach† by Matthew Arnold Dover Beach is thought to be one of the best representations of the Victorian Period all together. It portrays the mood and tone of what the people experienced and felt at that time. Around the same time it was written, London had just experienced a massive boom in their population, growing from 2 to 6 million citizens. At the same time, London was becoming one of the first in the countryRead MoreThe Difference Of Interpretation On Coal Industry865 Words   |  4 Pagesto change, coal resource still plays an irreplaceable role in China. To analyze why the difference of interpretation appears in two national coal museums, it is necessary to examine the past and the present conditions of coal industry in the UK and China. There are an increasing number of open-air museums in the UK. In essence, these museums not only were built to preserve buildings and objects and recall historical memory, but also were used to recall a significant generation or a period. John

Women s Role For Literature - 887 Words

Women’s role in Literature The role of women in the society is always questioned and for centuries, they have struggled to find their place in a world that is predominantly male oriented. The treatment of women was extremely negative; they were expected to stay home and fulfill domestic duties. Literature of that time embodies and mirrors social issues of women in society (Lecture on the Puritans). But, slowly and gradually, situation being changed: â€Å"During the first half of the 19th century, women s roles in society evolved in the areas of occupational, moral, and social reform. Through efforts such as factory movements, social reform, and women s rights, their aims were realized and foundations for further reform were established† (Lauter 1406). Feminist poets like Emily Dickinson and Anne Bradstreet talked substantially about feminism in different lights in the past two centuries. They were very vocal and assertive about their rights and the ‘rights for w omen’ in general. While they might have been successful at making a good attempt to obliterate gender biases but still there are lot of disparities between the two genders. Nevertheless, their poetry reflects a deep angst. Anne Bradstreet, an eighteen-year-old educated upper-class English woman, arrived in Salem in 1630 (Cowell 418). Two hundred years after Bradstreet’s arrival in America, in 1830, in a town about a hundred miles from Salem: Amherst, Emily Dickinson was born to a prominent local family that hadShow MoreRelatedGender Roles Of Women s Literature1661 Words   |  7 Pageswhich gender roles are portrayed in children’s literature significantly contributes to the development of our youth’s understanding of their own gender’s role and how they are perceived by society. It is important for children to understand gender roles because gender roles are an essential cog in the perpetual machine that develops our society, but these cogs have b een replaced with newer, more up-to-date cogs over recent years, so to speak. As society has changed, so has the typical role that eachRead MoreWomen s Literature : Oppression And The Role Of A Woman971 Words   |  4 PagesEvan Rhodes Survey of World Literature December 1, 2014 Hartmann Women in Literature: Oppression and the Role of a Woman In early literature, men dominated the writers’ circuit. As literature began, it was used as an easily digestible way to promote social norms and moral code. In these texts, the role of women changes vastly depending on the culture, although there is a common theme: women exist to belong to a man. Women were not only oppressed in life, but their struggle is weaved into all ofRead MoreWomen ´s Role in Kate Chopins Literature: The Yellow Paper and The Awakening1281 Words   |  6 Pagesmore and more American women have claimed to be unsatisfied with their physical appearances. This is due to the constant presence of thin, perfectly proportioned models in media. The image of women in media creates a standard of beauty that cannot even be reached by the models themselves. Based on the image of them portrayed in media, American women have been expected to try to reach unattainable roles. Though the expectations set for women have changed over time, women have always been expectedRead MoreComparing Beowulf And Sir Gawain And The Green Knight1338 Words   |  6 Pagesworld always read the literature book with many stories like science fiction, comedy, fantasy, and romance in life and society. Two of the most famous literature stories that make me really love it called â€Å"Beowulf† and â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.† Both of this story illustrated between these women s always try to overcome with all the mission in life and show their responsibility to achieve successfully in life. Thus, the poet shows that the women s role in British literature is a very good centralRead MoreGender As A Man And The Role Of A Woman932 Words   |  4 Pagespeople define gender as the range of characteristics pertaining to, and differentiating between, masculinity and femininity. In modern and traditional society, gender is used to teach the â€Å"role of a man and the role of a woman†. The role of gender in adolescent literature dates back to the first kind of literature for children, oral folk tales. On the beaches of Greece, Homer told the tale of Odysseus. A Greek king, who was strong, fearless and wise; whom traveled great lands and fought many beastsRead MoreWomen s Liberty Through Literature1105 Words   |  5 PagesThrough Literature Kendall N. Player English 4 AP Literature Mrs. Johnson  The role of women in society has been well documented through world literature. Works such as The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, Hamlet by William Shakespeare,The Education of Women by Daniel Defoe, and A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen. These works come from a wide variety of time periods, they range from the middle ages to the modern era, where the first was published around 900 years before the last.  Women makeRead MoreYellow Wallpaper1673 Words   |  7 Pageswork of literature any connection to its author (it must be what it is, no underlying meaning) feminist theory must first and foremost be understood in its historical framework. By the turn of the century, journals, art galleries, and works of fiction were swamped with notions about how to be a proper woman in middle class society. With industrialization, urbanization, declining birth rates, amplified divorce rates, the shift away from the home and the rise in the number of single men and women in theRead MoreThe Role Of Women During The Canterbury Tales By William Shakespeare And A Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1028 Words   |  5 PagesThe role of women in society has been well documented through world literature. â€Å"And the reality is that for a large bulk of human history, women have been treated as the subordinate to men and have not been given a voice†(David Splawn, 2015). Works such as The Canterbury Tal es by Geoffrey Chaucer, Hamlet by William Shakespeare,The Education of Women by Daniel Defoe, and A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen. These works come from a wide variety of time periods, they range from the middle ages to theRead MoreThe Yellow Wallpaper, By Susan Glaspell968 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the early nineteenth century women had less of a voice when it came to making decisions all the decision making were usually left to the men especially in relationships. The short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Play â€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell are two pieces of fictional literature that exhibit the roles of women in a marriage during the period. In the short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† the reader reads about a woman who has been in a room for the summer to cureRead MoreWilliam Chaucer s The Wife Of Bath1347 Words   |  6 Pages Women Progressing Over the years, some may argue that literature has progressed into a better manner or for the worst. In British literature, motifs vary throughout the multiple time periods, such as the Anglo-Saxon Era, Medieval Era, to the Age of Reason period; moreover, motifs have changed out of the regular and accustomed angelic Christian that has to repent and believe in God. British literature begins to introduce a new archetype for women that writers follow in stories by describing them

Challenges in National Oils companies

Question: Discuss, how National Oils companies (NOCs) are facing their biggest challenge and threat to their survival. Answer: In this essay, a research work has been done to find out how National Oils companies (NOCs) are facing their biggest challenge and threat to their survival. Big Oil is one of the major international oil companies of USA. Recently the demand of oil and gas industry is falling very rapidly due to the stagnation of the global economy. From the middle of 2014, the reduction in the oil price has changed to perspective of national oil companies (Aastveit et al. 2015). It reduces the cash flow of oil and gas industry. Investors become more aware of their investment. There are also some global issues related to excessive carbon emission in the oil industry. It makes all the NOCs to rethink their existing business strategies. The detonation of shale gas and oil production in the USA forced OPEC to take an unexpected decision. OPEC has taken the decision to control production level to increase market share. There are mainly three challenges that the company is facing recently. The company has found certain cash crunch of oil on projects and dividends. The company is very uncertain whether to abandon the policy of product maximizing or not. The company has some plans to reduce the amount of Carbon Emission. It may increase the production cost of the company. It has become a challenge for the organization to survive in this critical situation. The biggest oil companies such as Noble Energy Inc, ConocoPhillips, Big Oil and Anadarko Petroleum Corp is facing serious issues to generate enough cash to cover their spending because of tumbling oil prices. According to Solarin and Ozturk 2016, oil price has come down to $50/barrel in March 2016, from $100/per barrel in 2014. As mentioned by Reboredo and Rivera (2014), the oil industry is much more vulnerable because of low oil prices than many organizations had thought few months ago. For organizations related to oil and energy, business was good at $90 per barrel (Murray and King 2012). However, oil prices below $60 have resulted in complacency, uneconomic investment, capital inefficiency and value destruction (Cashin et al. 2014). Therefore, it is advised that companies and investors must adapt to new realities to survive in the market. According to Gkanoutas and Nesvetailova (2015), many oil firms and organizations are going to cut down or freeze their dividends unless the oil prices come back to normal. Many other major oil companies such as Royal Dutch Shell PLC, BP PLC, Exxon Mobil Corp. and Chevron Corp. are also facing the same issue. In the first half of 2015, these companies experienced a combined $20 million cash flow because of their spending on new projects (Husain et al. 2015). Therefore, most of these companies are planning to cancel their future projects. For example, Shell PLC has canceled their plans to explore in Arctic Sea for oil resources. Besides, to cope up with the situation, companies are also planning to cut down their production. The four oil giants companies have already reduced their production to estimated 7.3 billion barrels according to July report from consultancy Wood Mackenzie (Basher et al. 2012). Some of the companies could manage to save their dividends by reducing the amount of production. The Chief Executive of Shell, Ben van Beurden has stated that they stepped back from many projects to save their dividends. He also said that the company author ity is also planning to bring deeper cuts at his company. Authorities of these companies believe that the can only survive if they can enhance their ability to drive down cost. However, this strategy has paid off for the oil and gas companies as they could prevent the investors from revolting. According to Benes et al. (2015), this down cost strategy is a good strategy to adopt at this stage, but in the future, it might create problems as it comes with high risks. For some companies, it is quite impossible to control their spending unless oil prices rebound sharply as their long-term and high-cost projects are already in motion. Therefore, it can be said that some companies have managed to survive this crisis; however, most of the companies are facing issues, as they cannot pull back their projects that have already started. In the recent period, the oil and gas industry has to face two major issues. They are the economic issues and environmental issues. In November 2014, the OPEC had taken a decision to maintain a level of production. It helped to regain the lost market share of the oil industry. Due to this reason, the cost of oil fall more than 50% (Ftiti 2014). If OPEC maintains this level of production, then it will cause more than 700,000 bpd oversupply (Gately et al. 2013). Hence, the increment in the crude process will not be possible in future. On the other hand, there are some serious global warming related issues raised in the UN Convention on Climate change. Most of the governments have taken global commitment to reduce global warming with the help of low-carbon economies and limiting the use of fossil fuel. Hence, the company Big Oil is facing three major areas of challenges in its business. They are the crash crunch of sub-50/bbl oil on dividends and projects (Means et al. 2015). The company has some confusion whether to abandon the policy of production maximizing as it lowers the price of crude. In order to reduce the amount of carbon emission, the company has to take some action plans. Implementation of these action plans gives rise to the cost of production. Thus, it becomes the major challenge for the organization to make balance between low price and low carbon. The OPEC has developed a production-maximizing policy to increase the market share of oil and gas industry, which is started to fall since 2014. There are certain objectives of OPEC behind the development of this policy. The government tries to increase the offshore gas and oil resources of US. The aim behind this strategy is to increase the domestic supplies of gas and oil and increase the security of US's energy needs (Gabriel et al. 2012). In addition, the OPEC has the plan to improve, promote and sustain the supply chain of US's oil and gas industry with the help of product Maximization. As Solarin and Ozturk (2016) have mentioned that maximizing, production can help to regain market share for and industry. There is also another face of this strategy. Product maximizing strategy has increased the amount of oversupply of crude. It decreases the price of crude oil more than 50%. In the year of 2015, the price range of crude went below $40 per barrel (Xiong et al. 2013). This policy has become a serious issue for NOCs like Big Oil. If this level of production is maintained then, the predicted amount of oversupply will be more than 700,000 bpd during 2016 (Ftiti et al. 2014). It will decrease the price of crude oil more. The main concern of Big Oil Company is that if the crude oil price remains low for a longer period then it will reduce the cash flow of the company. As Andersen and Ross (2013) mentioned that lower price of products, make investors more cautious about their investment. Hence, it can result in cancelation or postpone of various projects taken by the organization. Thus, it has become a major challenge for the company to use product-maximizing strategy for a longer time. The US government has to rethink this strategy. They need to understand the cost of different NOC roles. Enhanced and appropriate strategies needed to be developed to support NOCs within the country at different financial stages. This new strategy also has to be linked to the national priorities and vision, which is to regain the market share of oil and gas industry. The government required developing a base resource strategy with a clear revenue stream. This resource-based strategy will be more affordable and executable for the NOCs like Big Oil. Big oil has to bring the focus on the cost of production and as well as the standard of production and reporting. As Juvenal and Petrella (2015) mentioned that better quality of production can help an organization to regain its market share. The company needs to take strategy to improve the capacity building. It can help to use appropriate resources and efforts to develop right skills for right jobs. In order to deal with the amount of carbon emission, NOCs like Big Oil are planning to take some strategies. They are discussed below: The company Big Oil is trying to embed sustainability in their future business and decision-making system. According to Merrick and Grabowski (2014), the oil and gas industry has to evaluate its portfolios not only to reduce financial, technological and commercial risks but also to reduce environmental risks. It can help the company to become innovative to increase carbon efficiency. The gas and oil industry also have a vast opportunity to increase diversity in their production and use renewable energy. The company Big Oil can start invest in renewable energy sources like wind power. A new business division has been developed by the organization named as New Energy Solution to gather knowledge about renewable energy technologies (Robinson 2014). The company is trying to implement best practices to integrate renewable energy sources into their current business operation. A global carbon cost can be introduced, so that the major carbon emitters take the fair amount of responsibility to reduce carbon emission. As Chapple et al. (2013) stated that global carbon cost can influence companies to use that are carbon proficient. Like much other organization the company, Big Oil has taken initiative for a global pricing policy for carbon. The internal carbon price of the company is $50/ton (Sadorsky 2014). It has a strong impact on the carbon reduction initiative taken by the organization. As Williams et al. (2012) mentioned that technology could play very important role to manage emission of greenhouse gas. Carbon capture and storage technology can restrict global temperature rise to 2 degree Celsius. It is done by reducing carbon dioxide production industrial power generation plants. Like many other organizations, Big Oil is also planning to invest in carbon storage and capture system. This technology can theoretically prevent 70-90% carbon dioxide emission (Peters et al. 2012). The company is planning to make it an important part of it a portfolio of clean, sustainable product. The Big Oil Company has to face some major issues related to the CSS system, as there is a deficiency of market mechanism, which can develop prospect for financial return. In order to limit the amount of greenhouse gas emission, Big Oil is mainly focused on three aspects. The company tries to integrate environmental change into mainstream corporate strategy. Implementation of renewable technologies in the business operation is the second priority of the organization. Thirdly, the company is trying to increase investment in the RD department of greenhouse project. There is a huge conflict arise in the corporate strategy adopted by the big oil. Increasing the investment on research and development will increase the cost of production. On the other hand, the company also has to control its production cost in order to regain the market share. Hence, in order to sustain its position in global market the company has to make balance between investment and cost. Presently the oil and gas industry has to face several challenges related to economy and environment. The demand of oil and gas industry has reduced due to the stagnation of the economy. It causes a huge loss of the market share in this industry. For this reason, OPEC has taken a decision to maintain the production level in order to regain the market share. However, It increases the amount of oversupply of crude. It is the main reason behind low price of crude. There are also some issues related to greenhouse gas emission. As Big Oil is one of the major national oil companies, it has to face these challenges as well. Instead of production-maximizing policies, the company can use resource-based policies in its business operation. Focusing on the quality of production can help the company to regain its market share. Implementing technologies like CSS and use of renewable energy sources can help the organization to reduce carbon emission. References Aastveit, K.A., Bjrnland, H.C. and Thorsrud, L.A., 2015. What drives oil prices? Emerging versus developed economies.Journal of Applied Econometrics,30(7), pp.1013-1028. Andersen, J.J. and Ross, M.L., 2013. The Big Oil Change A Closer Look at the HaberMenaldo Analysis.Comparative Political Studies, 4(3), pp. 557-560. Basher, S.A., Haug, A.A. and Sadorsky, P., 2012. Oil prices, exchange rates and emerging stock markets.Energy Economics,34(1), pp.227-240.Reboredo, J.C. and Rivera-Castro, M.A., 2014. Wavelet-based evidence of the impact of oil prices on stock returns.International Review of Economics Finance,29, pp.145-176. Benes, J., Chauvet, M., Kamenik, O., Kumhof, M., Laxton, D., Mursula, S. and Selody, J., 2015. The future of oil: Geology versus technology.International Journal of Forecasting,31(1), pp.207-221. Cashin, P., Mohaddes, K., Raissi, M. and Raissi, M., 2014. The differential effects of oil demand and supply shocks on the global economy.Energy Economics,44, pp.113-134. Chapple, L., Clarkson, P.M. and Gold, D.L., 2013. The cost of carbon: Capital market effects of the proposed emission trading scheme (ETS).Abacus,49(1), pp.1-33. Ftiti, Z., Guesmi, K., Teulon, F. and Chouachi, S., 2014.Evolution of Crude Oil Prices and Economic Growth: The case of OPEC Countries. Department of Research, Ipag Business School. Gabriel, S.A., Rosendahl, K.E., Egging, R., Avetisyan, H.G. and Siddiqui, S., 2012. Cartelization in gas markets: Studying the potential for a Gas OPEC.Energy Economics,34(1), pp.137-152. Gately, D., Al-Yousef, N. and Al-Sheikh, H.M., 2013. The rapid growth of OPEC s domestic oil consumption.Energy Policy,62, pp.844-859. Gkanoutas-Leventis, A. and Nesvetailova, A., 2015. 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Robinson, M.L., 2014. Big Oil and the Love-Hate Relationship. InMarketing Big Oil: Brand Lessons from the Worlds Largest Companies. Palgrave Macmillan US. Sadorsky, P., 2014. Carbon price volatility and financial risk management.The Journal of Energy Markets,7(1), p.83-85. Solarin, S.A. and Ozturk, I., 2016. The relationship between natural gas consumption and economic growth in OPEC members.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,58, pp.1348-1356. Williams, J.H., DeBenedictis, A., Ghanadan, R., Mahone, A., Moore, J., Morrow, W.R., Price, S. and Torn, M.S., 2012. The technology path to deep greenhouse gas emissions cuts by 2050: the pivotal role of electricity.science,335(6064), pp.53-59. Xiong, T., Bao, Y. and Hu, Z., 2013. Beyond one-step-ahead forecasting: evaluation of alternative multi-step-ahead forecasting models for crude oil prices.Energy Economics,40, pp.405-415.